Abrasion | External damage to a hose assembly caused by its being rubbed by a foreign object; a wearing away by friction |
Acid Resistant | Having the ability to withstand the action of identified acids within specified limits of concentration and temperature |
Adapter, Adaptor | 1.) Fittings of various sizes and materials used to change an end fitting from one type to another type or one size to another 2.) The grooved portion of a cam & groove coupling. |
Ambient Temperature | The temperature of the atmosphere or medium surrounding an object under consideration. |
Ambient /Atmospheric Conditions | The surrounding conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and corrosion, to which a hose assembly is exposed. |
Annular | The convolusions on a hose that are a series of complete circles or rings located at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the hose (sometimes referred to as bellows) |
ANSI | American National Standards Institute |
Application working pressure | Unique to customer's application |
Application | The service conditions that determine how a hose assembly will be used. |
Armor | A protective cover slid over and affixed to a hose assembly; used to prevent over bending or for the purpose of protecting hose form severe external environmental conditions |
Assembly | A general term referring to any hose coupled end fittings of any style attached to one or both ends. |
ASTM | American Society for Testing and Materials |
Attachment | The method of securing an end fitting to a hose |
Axial movement | Compression or elongation along the longitudinal axis. |
Band | 1.) A metal ring that is welded, shrunk, or cast on the outer surface of a hose nipple or fitting. 2.) A thin strip of metal used as a non-bolted. |
Barb | The portion of a fitting (coupling) that is inserted into the hose, usually comprised of two or more radial serrations or ridges designed to form a redundant seal between the hose fitting |
Barbed and Ferrule Fitting | A two-piece hose fitting comprised of a barbed insert (nipple), normally with peripheral ridges or backward-slanted barbs, for inserting into a hose and a ferrule, usually crimped or swaged. |
Bend Radius | The radius of a bent section of hose measured to the innermost surface of the curved portion. |
Bend Radius, minimum | The smallest radius at which a hose can be used. For metal hose the radius of a bend measured to the hose centerline, as recommended by the manufacturer. |
Bend Radius, dynamic | The radius at which constant or continuous flexing occurs. |
Bending Force | An amount of stress required to induce bending around a specified radius and hence, a measure of stiffness. |
Blister | A raised area on the surface or a separation between layers usually creating a void or air-filled space in a vulcanized article. |
Blow Out Force | The force generated from the internal pressure attempting to push the fitting from the hose. |
Bolt Hole Circle | A circle on the flange face around which the center of the bolt holes are distributed |
Bore | 1.) An internal cylindrical passageway, as of a tube, hose or pipe. 2.) The internal diameter of a tube, hose or pipe. |
Bowl | 1.) The exterior shell of an expansion ring type coupling. 2.) The larger internal diameter of the internal portion of a ferrule. |
Braid | The woven portion of a hose used as reinforcement to increase pressure rating and add hoop strength. Various materials such as polyester, cotton or metal wire are used. A hose may have one or more braids. |
Braid Angle | The angle developed at the intersection of a braid strand and a line parallel to the axis of a hose. |
Braided Braid | A braid where the strands of wire on each carrier of the braiding machine are braided together, and then braided in normal fashion. |
Brand | A mark or symbol identifying or describing a product and/or manufacturer, that is embossed, inlaid or printed. |
Butt Weld | Process in which the edges or ends of metal sections are butted together and joined by welding |
C of C | Certificate of conformance or certificate of compliance; a document usually signed and dated pertaining to a particular lot or purchase of items, which describes any standards, specifications, tests, materials and/or performance attributes to which the referenced items have met or will meet. |
Cam & Groove | A type of fitting that allows connection and disconnection by means of arm(s) or cam(s) on the female fitting. The seal is accomplished by means of a gasket, available in various materials. These fittings are frequently used on product transfer hose assemblies. A quick connect coupling usually used in most industries as a hose connection to avoid leakages. This coupling is popular due to ease of disconnect and reconnect. |
Chemical Compatibility | The relative degree to which a material may contact another without corrosion, degradation or adverse change of properties |
Chemical Resistance | The ability of a particular polymer, rubber compound, or metal to exhibit minimal physical and/or chemical property changes when in contact with one or more chemicals for a specified length of time, at specified concentrations, pressure and temperature |
Collar | 1.) The portion of a fitting that is compressed by swaging or crimping to seal the hose onto the fitting barbs and create a permanent attachment. 2.) A raised portion on the hose shank which functions as a a connection for a ferrule or other locking device or functions as a hose stop. |
Composite Hose | Non-vulcanized hose that consists of the following: an internal wire helix, a multi-ply wall of thermoplastic films and reinforcing fabrics in proportions that give the required physical properties and provide a complete seal. A cover consisting of fabric with an abrasion resistant polymeric coating. |
Conductive | The ability to transfer electrical potential |
Configuration | The combination of fittings on a particular assembly. |
Convoluted | Description of hose or inner core having annular or helical ridges formed to enhance flexibility. |
Convolution/Corrugation | The annular or helical flexing member in corrugated or strip wound hose/corrugation. |
Convolution count | The number of ridges or corrugations per inch of a hose. |
Core | The inner portion of a hose, usually referring to the material in contact with the medium. |
Corrosion | The process of material degradation by chemical or electrochemical means. |
Corrosion resistance | Ability of metal components to resist oxidation. |
Corrugated cover | A ribbed or grooved exterior. |
Corrugated hose | Hose with a carcass fluted, radially to enhance flexibility or reduce its weight. |
Coupler | The female portion of the cam & groove connection with the cam arms. |
Coupling | A frequently used alternative term for fitting. |
Cover wear | The loss of material during use due to abrasion, cutting or gouging. |
Cover | The outer component usually intended to protect the carcass of a product. |
CPE | Chlorinated polyethylene, a rubber elastomer. |
Cracking | A sharp break or fissure in the surface, generally caused by a strain and environmental conditions. |
Crimp diameter | The distance across opposite flats after crimping. |
Crimp/crimping | A fitting attachment method utilizing a number of fingers or dies mounted in a radial configuration. The dies close perpendicular to the hose and fitting axis, compressing the collar, ferrule, or sleeve around the hose. |
Cut off factor | The hose length to be subtracted from the overall assembly length that allows for the hose coupling end connection extension beyond the end of the hose. |
Cut resistant | Having that characteristic of withstanding the cutting action of sharp object. |
Design factor | A ratio used to establish the working pressure of the hose, based on the burst strength of the hose. |
Dog-leg assembly | Two hose assemblies joined by a common elbow. |
DOT | Department of Transportation |
Duplex assembly | An assembly consisting of two hose assemblies-one inside the other and connected at the ends. |
Durometer | An instrument for measuring the hardness of rubber and plastic compounds. |
Durometer hardness | A numerical value, which indicates the resistance to indentaton of the blunt indentor of the durometer. |
Elastomer | Anyone of a group of polymeric materials, usually designated thermoset, such as natural rubber or thermoplastic, which will soften with application of heat. |
Elongation | The increase in length expressed numerically as a percentage of the initial length. |
Encapsulated fitting |
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EPDM | Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer |
Extrude/extruded/extrusion | Forced through the shaping die of an extruder; extrusion may have a solid or hollow cross section. |
Fabricator | The producer of hose assemblies. |
Fatigue | the weakening or deterioration of a material occurring when a repetitious or continuous application of stress causes strain, which could lead to failure. |
FEP | Fluorinated ethylene propylene. |
Ferrule | A metal cylinder placed over a hose end to affix the fitting to the hose. |
Fire sleeve | Slip-on or integrally extruded sleeve used to retard the effets of fire in certain applicatons, most often made with silicone and/or ceramic fiber |
Fitting/Coupling | A device attached to the end of the hose to facilitate connection. |
Flammable gases | A flammable gas, including liquefied gas, is one having a closed cup flash point below +100°F (+37.8°C) and a vapor pressure greater than 25 psi. |
Flow rate | A volume of media being conveyed in a given time period. |
Fluid | A gas or liquid medium. |
Fluid velocity | The speed of fluid through a cross section expressed in length divided by time. |
Fluorocarbon | An organic compound containing fluorine directly bonded to a carbon. The ability of the carbon atom to form a large variety of structural chains gives rise to many fluorocarbons and fluorocarbon derivatives. |
Fluron® | A registered trademark of ICI. A term descriptive of the family of fluorocarbons and fluorocarbon derivatives in general commercial use. |
Fluoropolymer | A high molecular weight chemical containing fluorine as a major element. |
GPM | Gallons per minute. |
Hand built hose | A hose made by hand on a mandrel, reinforced by textile or wire or combination of both. |
Hardness | Resistance to indentation. |
Heat resistance | The property or ability to resist the deteriorating effects of elevated temperatures. |
Heat-shrinking sleeving | Tubular thermoplastic sleeve used for chafe protection or identification. The sleeve is slipped over the hose and shrunk down by the application of heat to fit tightly on the hose. |
Helical wire armor/spring guard | An abrasion resistance device. |
Helical | Used to describe a type of corrugated hose having one continuous convolution resembling a screw thread. |
Helix | A shape formed by spiraling a wire or other reinforcement around the cylindrical body of a hose; typically used in suction hose. |
Hose | A flexible conduit consisting of a tube, reinforcement, and usually an outer cover. |
Hose clamp | A device used to hold a hose onto a fitting. |
Hydrostatic testing | The use of liquid pressure to test a hose or hose assembly for leakage, twisting, and/or hose change-in-length |
Hypalon® | A DuPont registered trademark. Chlorosulfonated polyethylene. |
Hytrel® | A Dupont registered trademark. |
I.D. | The abbreviation for inside diameter |
Innercore | The innermost layer of a hose; the hose material in contact with the medium |
Interlocked hose | Formed from profiled strip and wound into flexible metal tubing with no subsequent welding, brazing, or soldering; may be made pressure-tight by winding in strands of packing. |
Interlocking clamp | A clamp which engages the fitting in a manner which prevents the clamp from sliding off the fitting, typically a bolt or U-bolt style with interlocking fingers which engage an interlock ring on the fitting. |
Interlocking ferrule | A ferrule, which physically attaches to the fitting preventing the ferrule from sliding off the fitting. |
IPT | Iron pipe threads; a reference to NPT or NPTF. |
ISO | International Organization for Standardization. |
Jacket | Seamless tubular braided or woven ply generally on the outside of the hose. |
JIC | A standard fitting design incorporating a 37° mating surface, male and female styles. |
Kinking | Temporary or permanent distortion of the hose induced by bending beyond the minimum bend radius. |
Layer | A single thickness of rubber or fabric between adjacent parts. |
Leaker | 1.) A crack or hole in the tube which allows fluids to escape. 2.) A hose assembly which allows fluids to escape at the fittings or couplings. |
Liner | Flexible sleeve used to line the inside diameter of hose when conveying a high velocity media, also prevents erosion |
Long shank | A shank length greater than the nominal diameter, typically two diameters in length, which allows more than a single clamp |
LPG, LP Gas | Liquified Petroleum Gas |
MAWP | Maximum allowable working pressure |
Media, medium | The substance(s) being conveyed through a system. |
Mender | A fitting or device used to join two sections of a hose. |
Metal hose | Thin wall metal tubing formed into flexible hose with helical or annular ridges and grooves, often braided with stainless steel to increase the operating pressure capability. With fittings welded on, assemblies are used in applications outside temperature range of rubber, thermoplastic and fluoroplastic. |
NAHAD | National Association of Hose & Accessories Distributors. |
Necking Down | A localized decrease in the cross-sectional area of a hose resulting from tension. |
Neoprene® | A registered trademark of DuPont. |
Nipple | The internal member or portion of a hose fitting. |
Nitrile rubber (NB/Buna-N) | A family of acrylonitrile elastomers used extensively for industrial hose. |
Nominal | A size indicator for reference only. |
Non-conductive | The inability to transfer an electrical charge. |
Nozzle end | An end of hose in which both the inside and outside diameters are reduced. |
NPT/NPTF | An abbreviation for national pipe threads. |
Nylon | A family of polyamide materials. |
O.D. | The abbreviation for outside diameter. |
Offset-lateral, parallel | The distance that the ends of a hose assembly are displaced in relation to each other as the result of connecting two misaligned terminations in a system, or intermittent flexure required in a hose application. |
Oil resistance | The ability of the materials to withstand exposure to oil. |
Oil swell | The change in volume of a rubber article resulting from contact with oil |
Open steam cure | A method of vulcanizing in which steam comes in direct contact with the product being cured. |
Operating conditions | The pressure, temperature, motion and environment to which a hose assembly is subjected. |
O-ring fitting | A fitting that seals by means of an elastomeric ring of a specified material. |
OS&D hose | The abbreviation for oil suction and discharge hose. |
Overall length (OAL) | The total length of a hose assembly, which consists of the free hose length plus the length of the couplings. |
Oxidation | The reaction of oxygen on a material, usually evidenced by a change in the appearance or feel of the surface or by a change in physical properties. |
Ozone cracking | The surface cracks, checks, or crazing caused by exposure to an atmosphere containing ozone. |
Ozone resistance | The ability to withstand the deteriorating effects of ozone. |
Penetration (weld) | The percentage of wall thickness of the two parts to be joined that is fused into the weld pool in making a joint. |
Permanent fitting | The type of fitting which, once installed, may not be removed for reuse. |
Permeation | The process of migration of a substance into and through another, usually the movement of a gas into and through a hose material; the rate of permeation is specific to the substance, temperature, pressure and the material being permeated. |
Pin pricked | Perforations through the cover of a hose to vent permeating gases. |
Plain ends | Fitting ends without threads, groove, or a bevel typically used for welding, as in a flange. |
Ply | An individual layer in hose construction. |
Pneumatic testing | The use of compressed air to test a hose or hose assembly for leakage, twisting and/or hose change-in-length. NOTE: Use of high pressure air is extremely hazardous. |
Preform | The compressed cylinder of PTFE resin that is used to extrude into raw tubing. Also called a billet. |
Pressure | Force + unit area. |
Pressure drop | The measure of pressure reduction or loss over a specific lenghth of hose. |
Pressure, burst | The pressure at which rupture occurs. |
Pressure, gauge | Relative pressure between inside and outside of an assembly. |
Pressure, maximum allowable working | The maximum pressure at which a hose or hose assembly is designed to be used. |
Pressure, proof test | A nondestructive pressure test applied to hose assemblies. |
Pressure, pulsating | A rapid change in pressure above and below the normal base pressure, usually associated with reciprocating type pumps. |
Pressure, working (WP) | The maximum pressure to which a hose will be subjected, including the momentary surges in pressure, which can occur during service. |
PSI | Pounds per square inch |
PTFE | Polytetrafluoroethylene, a high molecular weight fluoroplastic polymer with carbon atoms shielded by fluorine atoms having very strong inter atomic bonds, giving it chemical inertness. |
PVC | Polyvinyl chloride. A low-cost thermoplastic material typically used in the manufacture of industrial hoses. The operating temperature range is -500°F to +1750°F (-295.5°C to +954.4°C) |
PVDF | Polyvinylidene fluoride |
Quality conformance inspection | The examination of samples from a production run of hose to determine adherence to given specifications, for acceptance of that production. |
Reinforcement | The strengthening members, consisting of either fabric, cord, and/or metal, of a hose. |
Reusable fitting/coupling | A fitting designed to be attached and unattached to a hose, allowing all or most of the fitting to be used. |
RMA | The Rubber Manufacturers Association, Inc. |
SAE | Society of Automotive Engineers |
Sampling | A process of selecting a portion of a quantity for testing or inspection, selected without regard to quality. |
Serrations | Bumps, barbs, corrugations, or other features that increase the holding power of the device. |
Shank | That portion of a fitting, which is inserted into the bore of a hose. |
Shelf/storage life | The period of time prior to use during which a product retains its intended performance capability. |
Short shank | Shank length, approximately equal to the nominal diameter, but long enough to allow a single clamp at minimum. |
Skive | The removal of a short length of cover and/or tube to permit the attachment of a fitting directly over the hose reinforcement. |
Sleeve | A metal cylinder, which is not physically attached to the fitting, for the purpose of forcing the hose into the serrations of the fitting. |
Smooth bore | A term used to describe the type of inner core of a hose. |
Socket | The external member or portion of a hose fitting, commonly used to describe screw-together reusable fittings. |
Specification | A document setting forth pertinent details of a product. |
Spiral | A method of applying reinforcement in which there is not interlacing between individual strands of the reinforcement. |
Splice | A fitting or device used to join two sections of hose. |
Standard | A document or object for physical comparison, for defining product characteristics, products or processes, prepared by a consensus of a properly constituted group of those substantially affected and having the qualifications to prepare the standard for use. |
Static conductive | Having the capability of furnishing a path for a flow of static electricity. |
Static discharge | The sudden discharge of static electricity from an area of buildup to a grounding point. |
Static wire | Wire incorporated in a hose to conduct static electricity. |
Surge (spike) | A rapid and transient rise in pressure. |
Swage | The method of fitting attachment that incorporates a set of die halves designed to progressively reduce the collar or ferrule diameter to the required finish, dimension by mechanically forcing the fitting into the mating die. |
Swelling | An increase in volume or linear dimension of a specimen immersed in liquid or exposed to a vapor. |
Tear resistance | The property of a rubber tube or cover of a hose to resist tearing forces. |
Teflon® | A registered trademark of E.I. Dupont |
Tube | The innermost continuous all-rubber or plastic element of a hose. |
Tube fitting | A hose fitting of which the mating end conforms to a tube diameter. The mate or male end of a compression fitting. |
Tubing | A non-reinforced, homogeneous conduit, generally of a circular cross-section. |
Vibration | Amplitude motion occurring at a given frequency. |
Viscosity | The resistance of a material to flow. |
Vulcanization | A process during which a rubber compound, through a change in its chemical structure, improves or extends elastic properties over a greater range of temperature. |
Weathering | The surface deterioration of a hose cover during outdoor exposure as shown by checking, cracking, crazing and chalking |
Wire reinforced | A hose containing wires to give added strength, increased dimensional stability; crush resistance |
Working temperature | The temperature range of the application, may include the temperature of the fluid conveyed or the environmental conditions the assembly is exposed to in use. |
WP | Working Pressure |