CommonDefinitions

COMMON DEFINITIONS



Abrasion

External damage to a hose assembly caused by its being rubbed by a foreign object; a wearing away by friction


Acid Resistant

Having the ability to withstand the action of identified acids within specified limits of concentration and temperature

Adapter, Adaptor

1.)  Fittings of various sizes and materials used to change an end fitting from one type to another type or one size to another 2.)  The grooved portion of a cam & groove coupling.

Ambient Temperature

The temperature of the atmosphere or medium surrounding an object under consideration.

Ambient /Atmospheric Conditions

The surrounding conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and corrosion, to which a hose assembly is exposed.

Annular

The convolusions on a hose that are a series of complete circles or rings located at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the hose (sometimes referred to as bellows)

ANSI

American National Standards Institute

Application working pressure

Unique to customer's application

Application

The service conditions that determine how a hose assembly will be used.

Armor

A protective cover slid over and affixed to a hose assembly; used to prevent over bending or for the purpose of protecting hose form severe external environmental conditions

Assembly

A general term referring to any hose coupled end fittings of any style attached to one or both ends.

ASTM

American Society for Testing and Materials

Attachment

The method of securing an end fitting to a hose

Axial movement

Compression or elongation along the longitudinal axis.

Band

1.)  A metal ring that is welded, shrunk, or cast on the outer surface of a hose nipple or fitting.  2.)  A thin strip of metal used as a non-bolted.

Barb

The portion of a fitting (coupling) that is inserted into the hose, usually comprised of two or more radial serrations or ridges designed to form a redundant seal between the hose fitting

Barbed and Ferrule Fitting

A two-piece hose fitting comprised of a barbed insert (nipple), normally with peripheral ridges or backward-slanted barbs, for inserting into a hose and a ferrule, usually crimped or swaged.

Bend Radius

The radius of a bent section of hose measured to the innermost surface of the curved portion.

Bend Radius, minimum

The smallest radius at which a hose can be used.  For metal hose the radius of a bend measured to the hose centerline, as recommended by the manufacturer.

Bend Radius, dynamic

The radius at which constant or continuous flexing occurs.

Bending Force

An amount of stress required to induce bending around a specified radius and hence, a measure of stiffness.

Blister

A raised area on the surface or a separation between layers usually creating a void or air-filled space in a vulcanized article.

Blow Out Force

The force generated from the internal pressure attempting to push the fitting from the hose.

Bolt Hole Circle

A circle on the flange face around which the center of the bolt holes are distributed

Bore

1.)  An internal cylindrical passageway, as of a tube, hose or pipe.  2.)  The internal diameter of a tube, hose or pipe.

Bowl

1.)  The exterior shell of an expansion ring type coupling.  2.)  The larger internal diameter of the internal portion of a ferrule.

Braid

The woven portion of a hose used as reinforcement to increase pressure rating and add hoop strength.  Various materials such as polyester, cotton or metal wire are used.  A hose may have one or more braids.

Braid Angle

The angle developed at the intersection of a braid strand and a line parallel to the axis of a hose.

Braided Braid

A braid where the strands of wire on each carrier of the braiding machine are braided together, and then braided in normal fashion.

Brand

A mark or symbol identifying or describing a product and/or manufacturer, that is embossed, inlaid or printed.

Butt Weld

Process in which the edges or ends of metal sections are butted together and joined by welding

C of C

Certificate of conformance or certificate of compliance; a document usually signed and dated pertaining to a particular lot or purchase of items, which describes any standards, specifications, tests, materials and/or performance attributes to which the referenced items have met or will meet.

Cam & Groove

A type of fitting that allows connection and disconnection by means of arm(s) or cam(s) on the female fitting. The seal is accomplished by means of a gasket, available in various materials. These fittings are frequently used on product transfer hose assemblies. A quick connect coupling usually used in most industries as a hose connection to avoid leakages. This coupling is popular due to ease of disconnect and reconnect. 

Chemical Compatibility

The relative degree to which a material may contact another without corrosion, degradation or adverse change of properties

Chemical Resistance

The ability of a particular polymer, rubber compound, or metal to exhibit minimal physical and/or chemical property changes when in contact with one or more chemicals for a specified length of time, at specified concentrations, pressure and temperature

Collar

1.)  The portion of a fitting that is compressed by swaging or crimping to seal the hose onto the fitting barbs and create a permanent attachment.  2.)  A raised portion on the hose shank which functions as a a connection for a ferrule or other locking device or functions as a hose stop.

Composite Hose

Non-vulcanized hose that consists of the following:  an internal wire helix, a multi-ply wall of thermoplastic films and reinforcing fabrics in proportions that give the required physical properties and provide a complete seal.  A cover consisting of fabric with an abrasion resistant polymeric coating.

Conductive

The ability to transfer electrical potential

Configuration

The combination of fittings on a particular assembly.

Convoluted

Description of hose or inner core having annular or helical ridges formed to enhance flexibility.

Convolution/Corrugation

The annular or helical flexing member in corrugated or strip wound hose/corrugation.

Convolution count

The number of ridges or corrugations per inch of a hose.

Core

The inner portion of a hose, usually referring to the material in contact with the medium.

Corrosion

The process of material degradation by chemical or electrochemical means.

Corrosion resistance

Ability of metal components to resist oxidation.

Corrugated cover

A ribbed or grooved exterior.

Corrugated hose

Hose with a carcass fluted, radially to enhance flexibility or reduce its weight.

Coupler

The female portion of the cam & groove connection with the cam arms.

Coupling

A frequently used alternative term for fitting.

Cover wear

The loss of material during use due to abrasion, cutting or gouging.

Cover

The outer component usually intended to protect the carcass of a product.

CPE

Chlorinated polyethylene, a rubber elastomer.

Cracking

A sharp break or fissure in the surface, generally caused by a strain and environmental conditions.

Crimp diameter

The distance across opposite flats after crimping.

Crimp/crimping

A fitting attachment method utilizing a number of fingers or dies mounted in a radial configuration.  The dies close perpendicular to the hose and fitting axis, compressing the collar, ferrule, or sleeve around the hose.

Cut off factor

The hose length to be subtracted from the overall assembly length that allows for the hose coupling end connection extension beyond the end of the hose.

Cut resistant

Having that characteristic of withstanding the cutting action of sharp object.

Design factor

A ratio used to establish the working pressure of the hose, based on the burst strength of the hose.

Dog-leg assembly

Two hose assemblies joined by a common elbow.

DOT

Department of Transportation

Duplex assembly

An assembly consisting of two hose assemblies-one inside the other and connected at the ends.

Durometer

An instrument for measuring the hardness of rubber and plastic compounds.

Durometer hardness

A numerical value, which indicates the resistance to indentaton of the blunt indentor of the durometer.

Elastomer

Anyone of a group of polymeric materials, usually designated thermoset, such as natural rubber or thermoplastic, which will soften with application of heat.

Elongation

The increase in length expressed numerically as a percentage of the initial length.

Encapsulated fitting

 

EPDM

Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer

Extrude/extruded/extrusion

Forced through the shaping die of an extruder; extrusion may have a solid or hollow cross section.

Fabricator

The producer of hose assemblies.

Fatigue

the weakening or deterioration of a material occurring when a repetitious or continuous application of stress causes strain, which could lead to failure.

FEP

Fluorinated ethylene propylene.

Ferrule

A metal cylinder placed over a hose end to affix the fitting to the hose.

Fire sleeve

Slip-on or integrally extruded sleeve used to retard the effets of fire in certain applicatons, most often made with silicone and/or ceramic fiber

Fitting/Coupling

A device attached to the end of the hose to facilitate connection.

Flammable gases

A flammable gas, including liquefied gas, is one having a closed cup flash point below +100°F (+37.8°C) and a vapor pressure greater than 25 psi.

Flow rate

A volume of media being conveyed in a given time period.

Fluid

A gas or liquid medium.

Fluid velocity

The speed of fluid through a cross section expressed in length divided by time.

Fluorocarbon

An organic compound containing fluorine directly bonded to a carbon.  The ability of the carbon atom to form a large variety of structural chains gives rise to many fluorocarbons and fluorocarbon derivatives.

Fluron®

A registered trademark of ICI.  A term descriptive of the family of fluorocarbons and fluorocarbon derivatives in general commercial use.

Fluoropolymer

A high molecular weight chemical containing fluorine as a major element.

GPM

Gallons per minute.

Hand built hose

A hose made by hand on a mandrel, reinforced by textile or wire or combination of both.

Hardness

Resistance to indentation.

Heat resistance

The property or ability to resist the deteriorating effects of elevated temperatures.

Heat-shrinking sleeving

Tubular thermoplastic sleeve used for chafe protection or identification.  The sleeve is slipped over the hose and shrunk down by the application of heat to fit tightly on the hose.

Helical wire armor/spring guard

An abrasion resistance device.

Helical

Used to describe a type of corrugated hose having one continuous convolution resembling a screw thread.

Helix

A shape formed by spiraling a wire or other reinforcement around the cylindrical body of a hose; typically used in suction hose.

Hose

A flexible conduit consisting of a tube, reinforcement, and usually an outer cover.

Hose clamp

A device used to hold a hose onto a fitting.

Hydrostatic testing

The use of liquid pressure to test a hose or hose assembly for leakage, twisting, and/or hose change-in-length

Hypalon®

A DuPont registered trademark.  Chlorosulfonated polyethylene.

Hytrel®

A Dupont registered trademark.

I.D.

The abbreviation for inside diameter

Innercore

The innermost layer of a hose; the hose material in contact with the medium

Interlocked hose

Formed from profiled strip and wound into flexible metal tubing with no subsequent welding, brazing, or soldering; may be made pressure-tight by winding in strands of packing.

Interlocking clamp

A clamp which engages the fitting in a manner which prevents the clamp from sliding off the fitting, typically a bolt or U-bolt style with interlocking fingers which engage an interlock ring on the fitting.

Interlocking ferrule

A ferrule, which physically attaches to the fitting preventing the ferrule from sliding off the fitting.

IPT

Iron pipe threads; a reference to NPT or NPTF.

ISO

International Organization for Standardization.

Jacket

Seamless tubular braided or woven ply generally on the outside of the hose.

JIC

A standard fitting design incorporating a 37° mating surface, male and female styles.

Kinking

Temporary or permanent distortion of the hose induced by bending beyond the minimum bend radius.

Layer

A single thickness of rubber or fabric between adjacent parts.

Leaker

1.)  A crack or hole in the tube which allows fluids to escape.  2.)  A hose assembly which allows fluids to escape at the fittings or couplings.

Liner

Flexible sleeve used to line the inside diameter of hose when conveying a high velocity media, also prevents erosion

Long shank

A shank length greater than the nominal diameter, typically two diameters in length, which allows more than a single clamp

LPG, LP Gas

Liquified Petroleum Gas

MAWP

Maximum allowable working pressure

Media, medium

The substance(s) being conveyed through a system.

Mender

A fitting or device used to join two sections of a hose.

Metal hose

Thin wall metal tubing formed into flexible hose with helical or annular ridges and grooves, often braided with stainless steel to increase the operating pressure capability.  With fittings welded on, assemblies are used in applications outside temperature range of rubber, thermoplastic and fluoroplastic.

NAHAD

National Association of Hose & Accessories Distributors.

Necking Down

A localized decrease in the cross-sectional area of a hose resulting from tension.

Neoprene®

A registered trademark of DuPont.

Nipple

The internal member or portion of a hose fitting.

Nitrile rubber (NB/Buna-N)

A family of acrylonitrile elastomers used extensively for industrial hose.

Nominal

A size indicator for reference only.

Non-conductive

The inability to transfer an electrical charge.

Nozzle end

An end of hose in which both the inside and outside diameters are reduced.

NPT/NPTF

An abbreviation for national pipe threads.

Nylon

A family of polyamide materials.

O.D.

The abbreviation for outside diameter.

Offset-lateral, parallel

The distance that the ends of a hose assembly are displaced in relation to each other as the result of connecting two misaligned terminations in a system, or intermittent flexure required in a hose application.

Oil resistance

The ability of the materials to withstand exposure to oil.

Oil swell

The change in volume of a rubber article resulting from contact with oil

Open steam cure

A method of vulcanizing in which steam comes in direct contact with the product being cured.

Operating conditions

The pressure, temperature, motion and environment to which a hose assembly is subjected.

O-ring fitting

A fitting that seals by means of an elastomeric ring of a specified material.

OS&D hose

The abbreviation for oil suction and discharge hose.

Overall length (OAL)

The total length of a hose assembly, which consists of the free hose length plus the length of the couplings.

Oxidation

The reaction of oxygen on a material, usually evidenced by a change in the appearance or feel of the surface or by a change in physical properties.

Ozone cracking

The surface cracks, checks, or crazing caused by exposure to an atmosphere containing ozone.

Ozone resistance

The ability to withstand the deteriorating effects of ozone.

Penetration (weld)

The percentage of wall thickness of the two parts to be joined that is fused into the weld pool in making a joint.

Permanent fitting

The type of fitting which, once installed, may not be removed for reuse.

Permeation

The process of migration of a substance into and through another, usually the movement of a gas into and through a hose material; the rate of permeation is specific to the substance, temperature, pressure and the material being permeated.

Pin pricked

Perforations through the cover of a hose to vent permeating gases.

Plain ends

Fitting ends without threads, groove, or a bevel typically used for welding, as in a flange.

Ply

An individual layer in hose construction.

Pneumatic testing

The use of compressed air to test a hose or hose assembly for leakage, twisting and/or hose change-in-length.  NOTE:  Use of high pressure air is extremely hazardous.

Preform

The compressed cylinder of PTFE resin that is used to extrude into raw tubing.  Also called a billet.

Pressure

Force + unit area.

Pressure drop

The measure of pressure reduction or loss over a specific lenghth of hose.

Pressure, burst

The pressure at which rupture occurs.

Pressure, gauge

Relative pressure between inside and outside of an assembly.

Pressure, maximum allowable working

The maximum pressure at which a hose or hose assembly is designed to be used.

Pressure, proof test

A nondestructive pressure test applied to hose assemblies.

Pressure, pulsating

A rapid change in pressure above and below the normal base pressure, usually associated with reciprocating type pumps.

Pressure, working (WP)

The maximum pressure to which a hose will be subjected, including the momentary surges in pressure, which can occur during service.

PSI

Pounds per square inch

PTFE

Polytetrafluoroethylene, a high molecular weight fluoroplastic polymer with carbon atoms shielded by fluorine atoms having very strong inter atomic bonds, giving it chemical inertness.

PVC

Polyvinyl chloride.  A low-cost thermoplastic material typically used in the manufacture of industrial hoses.  The operating temperature range is -500°F to +1750°F (-295.5°C to +954.4°C)

PVDF

Polyvinylidene fluoride

Quality conformance inspection

The examination of samples from a production run of hose to determine adherence to given specifications, for acceptance of that production.

Reinforcement

The strengthening members, consisting of either fabric, cord, and/or metal, of a hose.

Reusable fitting/coupling

A fitting designed to be attached and unattached to a hose, allowing all or most of the fitting to be used.

RMA

The Rubber Manufacturers Association, Inc.

SAE

Society of Automotive Engineers

Sampling

A process of selecting a portion of a quantity for testing or inspection, selected without regard to quality.

Serrations

Bumps, barbs, corrugations, or other features that increase the holding power of the device.

Shank

That portion of a fitting, which is inserted into the bore of a hose.

Shelf/storage life

The period of time prior to use during which a product retains its intended performance capability.

Short shank

Shank length, approximately equal to the nominal diameter, but long enough to allow a single clamp at minimum.

Skive

The removal of a short length of cover and/or tube to permit the attachment of a fitting directly over the hose reinforcement.

Sleeve

A metal cylinder, which is not physically attached to the fitting, for the purpose of forcing the hose into the serrations of the fitting.

Smooth bore

A term used to describe the type of inner core of a hose.

Socket

The external member or portion of a hose fitting, commonly used to describe screw-together reusable fittings.

Specification

A document setting forth pertinent details of a product.

Spiral

A method of applying reinforcement in which there is not interlacing between individual strands of the reinforcement.

Splice

A fitting or device used to join two sections of hose.

Standard

A document or object for physical comparison, for defining product characteristics, products or processes, prepared by a consensus of a properly constituted group of those substantially affected and having the qualifications to prepare the standard for use.

Static conductive

Having the capability of furnishing a path for a flow of static electricity.

Static discharge

The sudden discharge of static electricity from an area of buildup to a grounding point.

Static wire

Wire incorporated in a hose to conduct static electricity.

Surge (spike)

A rapid and transient rise in pressure.

Swage

The method of fitting attachment that incorporates a set of die halves designed to progressively reduce the collar or ferrule diameter to the required finish, dimension by mechanically forcing the fitting into the mating die.

Swelling

An increase in volume or linear dimension of a specimen immersed in liquid or exposed to a vapor.

Tear resistance

The property of a rubber tube or cover of a hose to resist tearing forces.

Teflon®

A registered trademark of E.I. Dupont

Tube

The innermost continuous all-rubber or plastic element of a hose.

Tube fitting

A hose fitting of which the mating end conforms to a tube diameter.  The mate or male end of a compression fitting.

Tubing

A non-reinforced, homogeneous conduit, generally of a circular cross-section.

Vibration

Amplitude motion occurring at a given frequency.

Viscosity

The resistance of a material to flow.

Vulcanization

A process during which a rubber compound, through a change in its chemical structure, improves or extends elastic properties over a greater range of temperature.

Weathering

The surface deterioration of a hose cover during outdoor exposure as shown by checking, cracking, crazing and chalking

Wire reinforced

A hose containing wires to give added strength, increased dimensional stability; crush resistance

Working temperature

The temperature range of the application, may include the temperature of the fluid conveyed or the environmental conditions the assembly is exposed to in use.

WP

Working Pressure